Abstract: Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclical disorder characterized by a constellation of somatic and affective symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Emerging evidence suggests that altered serum micronutrient levels, particularly calcium and magnesium, may contribute to the pathophysiology of PMS.
Objectives: To evaluate and compare serum calcium and magnesium levels in women diagnosed with PMS and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of one year (January 2019 to December 2019) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. A total of 100 participants aged 18-45 years were enrolled, including 50 women with clinically diagnosed PMS and 50 age-matched healthy controls. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were measured during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle using standardized biochemical assays.
Results: The mean serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the PMS group compared to controls (8.3 ± 0.6 mg/dL vs. 9.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Similarly, mean serum magnesium levels were also significantly reduced in the PMS cohort (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/dL vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL; p < 0.001). A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between symptom severity and both serum calcium and magnesium concentrations.
Conclusion: This study underscores a potential biochemical basis for PMS by demonstrating lower serum calcium and magnesium levels in affected women. These findings advocate for further exploration of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunctive strategy in PMS management.
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