International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background and Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular consequence of diabetes that may exacerbate during pregnancy owing to metabolic and hemodynamic alterations. Pre-existing diabetic retinopathy jeopardizes maternal ocular health and fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetic retinopathy and to identify characteristics linked to the progression of retinopathy and negative pregnancy outcomes.

Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was performed including 50 pregnant women with pre-existing diabetic retinopathy at the Department of Ophthalmology, Madha Medical College, Kundrathur Main Road, Kovur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India - 600128. The duration of the study was from July 2020 to June 2021. Fundus examination and retinal imaging were used to check participants' baseline systemic parameters and eye health.

Results: In the initial assessment, 30 individuals, or 60% of the total, had NPDR and 20 individuals, or 40% of the total, had PDR. In 18 out of 36 pregnant women, DR progressed; this was most common in women with preexisting DR. Twelve individuals (or 24%) experienced gestational hypertension, and eight women (16%) had preeclampsia. Twelve neonates (or 24%) were born with low birth weights and ten (20%) were born prematurely due to problems during pregnancy. A significant association between the advancement of retinopathy and worse maternal and fetal outcomes (p < 0.05) was shown to exist between prolonged duration of diabetes and poor glycemic management.

Conclusion: The advancement of retinopathy, hypertensive problems, preterm birth, and low birth weight are among the maternal and fetal issues that are more likely to occur in pregnant women who already have diabetic retinopathy. To enhance maternal and foetal outcomes, it is crucial to adhere to strict glycemic control, closely monitor the eyes, and receive treatment from a variety of medical professionals.