Abstract: Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as onset of first recognition of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. This condition is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal macrosomia, stillbirth, neonatal metabolic disturbances. Aim of this study is to assess the prognostic capability of Afamin to predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 1st trimester.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics of Tanta University. It included 60 women with first trimester singlton pregnancy that were recruited from prenatal outpatient clinic of Tanta University Hospital in the period from November 2018 till November 2021.
The selected cases were divided in two groups:
Group I: (High-risk group): 40 cases who had risk factors for the occurrence of GDM.
Group II: (Control “low-risk” group): Apparently healthy 20 pregnant women
Results: Maternal concentrations of serum afamin in the first trimester in both studied groups were higher among cases in the high-risk group than women of the low-risk group but there was no statistical significance difference between them and cut-off value is 73.5 mg/L. Also, maternal serum afamin levels in the second trimester were significantly higher in high-risk with GDM than high-risk without GDM and in low-risk groups (P1 =0.008 and P2 <0.001) but they were insignificantly different between high-risk without GDM and low-risk groups.
Conclusions: First trimester maternal serum afamin concentrations could be used as a new cost-effective and easily applicable biomarker for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Afamin can be used as a screening test that can determine which pregnant woman are at high risk for developing GDM and to prescribe the best management to improve maternal and fetal outcome.
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