Abstract: The research findings indicate that respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is recognized as the leading cause of newborn death, posing a substantial challenge, particularly for preterm babies. RDS is caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant production and the immaturity of the lungs. As per the 2019 publication released by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), the utilization of antenatal corticosteroids has demonstrated a 50% reduction in the occurrence of RDS, resulting in a diminished likelihood of intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neonatal mortality. The use of corticosteroids in women at risk of premature labor between 24- and 34-weeks’ gestation was first recommended in 1994 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), after careful consideration on the safety and efficacy of the administration of antenatal steroids. The administration of corticosteroids usually is performed between 24- and 34-weeks’ gestation. However, under circumstances it may be beneficial even at 23 weeks and at 35-36 weeks of gestation. The evidence to date is clearly against the routine administration of multiple antenatal steroid courses. In special clinical situations, a second course of betamethasone may be justifiable.
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