Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with a global prevalence ranging from 2% to 26%. This variation is influenced by sample diversity, socioeconomic status, and healthcare access. PCOS is associated with irregular menstruation, reduced fertility, insulin resistance, diabetes, and elevated androgen levels, leading to complications like cardiovascular events and psychological issues. During pregnancy, PCOS can exacerbate insulin resistance, increasing the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth and congenital abnormalities. The condition’s impact varies significantly depending on individual traits and phenotypes.
Aim of the study: The study aims to assess the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with PCOS.
Methods: This descriptive study involved 52 pregnant women with PCOS at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, District Hospital in Bagerhat, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023. Approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, it included consenting pregnant women with PCOS and excluded those without consent or with other obstetric complications. Data collection involved comprehensive interviews covering sociodemographic details, medical history, PCOS diagnosis criteria, and treatment history. Physical examinations measured blood pressure, BMI, height, and weight. Pregnancy was monitored monthly until birth, with records of delivery mode, perinatal outcomes, and maternal issues.
Result: The average age of women was 25.07 years. Mean height, weight, and BMI were 145 cm, 67.59 kg, and 27.75 kg/m². 13.46% had a family history of diabetes, and 51.92% had a family history of cardiovascular disease. Most women (69.23%) had no prior pregnancies, and 76.92% had never given birth. None smoked or consumed alcohol. Gestational hypertension affected 17.31%, and pre-eclampsia 5.77%. GDMA1 and GDMA2 were present in 9.62% and 13.46%. Delivery outcomes included 82.69% term, 46.15% induced labor, 63.46% vaginal deliveries, and 36.54% cesarean sections. Newborn survival was 96.15%, with 21.15% admitted to NICU. 82.69% had high APGAR scores.
Conclusion: The study on maternal and perinatal challenges in women with PCOS both confirms and questions existing beliefs. It emphasizes the need for extensive, long-term cohort studies to better understand the complex relationship between PCOS and pregnancy outcomes, enhancing knowledge of potential risks for mothers and fetuses.
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