Abstract: Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects 10-30% of women globally, with a prevalence of 17.9% in India. The perimenopausal period, usually in the late 40s to early 50s, is marked by hormonal fluctuations and menstrual irregularities. Ultrasonography, precisely measuring endometrial thickness (ET), is an effective and cost-efficient tool for diagnosing endometrial morphology in perimenopausal women with AUB. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ultrasonography and correlate its findings with histopathological examinations.
Materials and Methods: This study was done at Sri Siddhartha Medical College in Tumkur involved 150 women with abnormal uterine bleeding from various age groups. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy-related complications, systemic diseases, and recent hormone use. Ultrasonography was used to measure endometrial thickness and histopathological examination was conducted. Data analysis included chi-square tests and calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for ultrasonographic findings.
Results: AUB often causing menorrhagia, affects women aged 31-50. Histopathological examinations reveal various abnormalities, with endometrial thickness ≥8 mm in 76% of cases. Significant associations exist between endometrial thickness and histopathological findings across reproductive stages (p<0.05). Diagnostic accuracy varies: Reproductive age groups show 100% sensitivity and NPV but 60% specificity, perimenopausal groups show balanced performance, and postmenopausal women show 100% sensitivity and NPV but 40% PPV.
Conclusion: Measuring endometrial thickness is crucial for evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding, especially in reproductive-aged women. Ultrasonography is recommended for initial screening, with age-specific interpretation needed. The high prevalence of endometrial thickening in 76% of cases highlights the need for thorough evaluation, particularly in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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