Abstract: Background: Vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, frequently encountered by both gynecologists and general practitioners. In India, its prevalence is estimated at 30%, with bacterial vaginosis being the most common cause, followed by candidiasis and trichomoniasis. This study, therefore, aims to explore the clinical and microbiological spectrum of abnormal vaginal discharge in a tertiary care center through a prospective approach.
Methodology: The present prospective study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in collaboration with Microbiology at IIMS&R over 18 months (Sept 2022–Mar 2024), involving 417 women aged 15-49 years. Detailed medical and sexual histories were recorded, focusing on discharge characteristics and symptoms. Samples underwent macroscopic, microscopic, and culture analyses, with tests for bacterial vaginosis and fungal infections. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square, Fisher’s test, and accuracy measures, with significance at p<0.05 and data processed using SPSS v23.0.
Results: The study involved 417 participants with a mean age of 34.5 years. Common symptoms included abdominal pain (69.1%), dysuria (52.8%), and pruritis (48.9%). About 43.9% used contraceptives, with 28.9% preferring barrier methods. Gray-white vaginal discharge (60.2%) and a thin consistency (81.3%) were most common. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was the leading pathogen (54.2%). Positive whiff and Gram stains indicated high BV prevalence, while wet mounts detected Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Mixed infections were also prevalent, highlighting the diagnostic complexity.
Conclusion: The study concludes that BV is the most common vaginal infection, with mixed infections also prevalent, underscoring the need for accurate diagnostics to manage varying presentations and ensure effective treatment.
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