International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background: Infertility affects 8-12% of couples globally and is associated with significant psychosocial impact. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a key marker of ovarian reserve. Emerging evidence suggests a possible role of micronutrients such as vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in reproductive function, although their correlation with AMH remains unclear.
Aim: To assess serum vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 levels in infertile women and determine their correlation with AMH.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 infertile women aged 18-40 years between November 2023 and October 2024. Serum levels of AMH, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12 were measured using a fully automated CLIA analyzer. Confounding conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and genital tuberculosis were recorded. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean levels of AMH, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12 were 2.3±1.1 ng/mL, 18.6±7.4 ng/mL, and 305±142 pg/mL, respectively. A weak positive but non-significant correlation was observed between vitamin D3 and AMH (r=+0.18, p>0.05); no significant correlation was found between vitamin B12 and AMH (r=+0.07, p>0.05). AMH levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients, while those with genital tuberculosis had lower-than-expected AMH values, indicating both as important confounding factors.
Conclusion: Although no significant correlation was found between AMH and vitamin D3 or vitamin B12, micronutrient deficiencies were common in infertile women. PCOS and genital tuberculosis markedly influenced AMH levels and should be considered during ovarian reserve evaluation. Nutritional optimization may support infertility management but does not directly affect AMH.