International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background: Ectopic pregnancy remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in early gestation. Rising incidence is attributed to pelvic infections, tubal surgery, sterilization, and assisted reproductive techniques. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, clinical profile, risk factors, and histopathological changes in fallopian tubes.
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Department of Pathology, Modern Government Maternity Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, over a 2-year period (August 2023 to August 2025). Clinical records and histopathology of fallopian tubes from 175 women with tubal ectopic pregnancy were reviewed. Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed.
Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 6.9 per 1,000 deliveries. Patients' ages ranged from 20 to 53 years, with highest incidence in the 26-30-year age group (37.14%). Ectopic pregnancy was most frequent in second-gravida women (36%). Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was the most common risk factor (29.71%), followed by previous abortion history (21.71%) and tubal sterilization (14.85%). The right fallopian tube was more often affected (57.7%), with the ampullary region being the most frequent implantation site (81.4%). Tubal rupture occurred in 147 cases (84%), while 28 cases (16%) had intact tubes. Histopathological examination revealed chronic salpingitis in 37.7% of cases, acute salpingitis in 20.6%, and Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) in 14.9%.
Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy continues to be a significant challenge in maternal morbidity, with rising incidence largely attributable to pelvic inflammatory disease, prior tubal surgery, and assisted reproductive techniques. Timely recognition, accurate diagnosis, and combined clinical-histopathological approach remain pivotal for early detection and effective management.