International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Urinary catheterization is a standard intraoperative practice during cesarean sections to reduce the risk of bladder injury and to monitor urine output. However, the timing of postoperative catheter removal remains an area of clinical variability. Traditionally, many institutions have practiced delayed removal, often 24 hours after surgery to avoid complications such as urinary retention. This study aims to evaluate and compare maternal outcomes specifically urinary retention, urinary tract infections, time to mobilization, and patient satisfaction between early and late catheter removal in women undergoing elective lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). By analyzing these parameters, we aim to assess whether early removal offers clinical advantages without compromising patient safety.

Aim

1.To know the pattern of post-operative urinary catheter duration

2.To assess and compare the impact of early versus delayed urinary catheter removal on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cesarean delivery.

Methods & Statistics: This retrospective study was conducted at AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, analyzing medical records of women who underwent cesarean delivery over a 3 month period (April 1st 2025 to June 30th 2025). Patients were divided into two cohorts based on timing of catheter removal: early removal group and delayed removal group. Primary outcomes assessed were incidence of urinary retention and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Secondary outcomes included time to first ambulation and length of hospital stay.

Results: A total of 148 women were included in the study, with 32 women undergoing early catheter removal (?6 hours post-op) and 116 women receiving delayed removal. The distribution of catheter removal timing was as follows: ?6 hours - 32 (21.6%), 6-12 hours - 22 (14.9%), >12-24 hours - 56 (37.8%), and >24 hours - 38 (25.7%). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, BMI, parity, and gestational age at delivery.

There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of irritative urinary symptoms, urinary retention, re-catheterization rates, or surgical site infections (SSIs).

Conclusion: Early catheter removal following cesarean section appears to be safe and is associated with reduced risk of CAUTI and faster postoperative recovery without increasing urinary retention. Adoption of early removal protocols may improve maternal comfort and support enhanced recovery practices.