International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing metabolic disorder worldwide and is associated with multiple biochemical and electrolyte abnormalities. Calcium and phosphate play essential roles in insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, bone health, and cellular signaling. Alterations in these minerals may influence glycemic control and contribute to long?term diabetic complications.
Aim: To evaluate serum calcium and phosphate levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compare them with age?matched non?diabetic controls.
Materials and Methods: This cross?sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Ahmedabad and included 30 diagnosed T2DM patients and 30 non?diabetic controls aged 30-80 years. Serum calcium was estimated by the Arsenazo III method, serum phosphate by the Ammonium Molybdate method, and plasma blood glucose by the GOD?POD method using a fully automated analyzer. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed using the unpaired t?test.
Results: Mean serum phosphate (2.2±0.56 mg/dl) and serum calcium levels (8.03±0.3 mg/dl) were significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to controls (3.07±0.21 mg/dl and 8.6±0.3 mg/dl respectively) (p<0.001). Plasma blood glucose levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia and hypophosphatemia are significantly associated with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Routine monitoring and early correction of these electrolyte imbalances may help improve glycemic control and prevent complications.