Abstract: Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly common pregnancy complication in South Asia, and reported prevalence varies widely across populations and diagnostic criteria. This study estimated the prevalence of GDM using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria and identified associated determinants among antenatal women attending a government tertiary-care hospital in Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over one year among 100 antenatal women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. All participants underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour plasma glucose measurements. GDM was diagnosed if any one value met IADPSG thresholds (fasting ?92 mg/dL, 1-hour ?180 mg/dL, 2-hour ?153 mg/dL). Determinants were evaluated using logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of GDM was 18.0% (18/100; 95% CI: 11.7%-26.7%). Among GDM cases, abnormal fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose values were observed in 94.4%, 77.8%, and 61.1%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, age ?30 years (aOR 6.86, 95% CI 1.72-27.31), previous history of GDM (aOR 16.88, 95% CI 1.81-157.84), and hypertension in the current pregnancy (aOR 7.47, 95% CI 1.85-30.05) were independently associated with GDM.
Conclusion: Nearly one in five antenatal women had GDM by IADPSG criteria. Strengthening standardized OGTT screening at 24-28 weeks, with targeted attention to women aged ?30 years, those with prior GDM, and those with hypertension, may improve detection and antenatal care planning.
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