Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) represents a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Radiological parameters including fetal biometry, Doppler velocimetry, and amniotic fluid index are central to predicting neonatal outcomes. This manuscript provides a full-length research-style analysis integrating expanded tables, charts, and clinical interpretation, focusing on correlations between sonographic markers and neonatal well-being, Apgar scores, NICU admission, and mortality trends.
Introduction: IUGR is defined as failure of a fetus to achieve its genetic growth potential, most commonly due to placental insufficiency. Biometric parameters such as abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW), along with Doppler studies of the umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), are widely used to guide clinical management. These markers reflect the degree of hemodynamic adaptation and fetal compromise. IUGR is a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic and Doppler parameters in IUGR and to correlate these findings with neonatal outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, over 18 months. A total of 96 pregnant women diagnosed with IUGR were evaluated using fetal biometry (AC, EFW), amniotic fluid index (AFI), Umbilical Artery PI, Middle Cerebral Artery PI, and Cerebroplacental Ratio (CPR). Neonatal outcomes including Apgar score, NICU admission, complications, and perinatal mortality were recorded.
Results: AC and EFW showed strong correlation with low Apgar scores and NICU admission. Abnormal UA Doppler significantly predicted adverse outcomes. Low CPR (<1.0) was the strongest predictor of perinatal asphyxia and emergency cesarean delivery.
Conclusion: Radiological parameters, particularly Doppler indices (UA-PI, MCA-PI, CPR), are highly sensitive predictors of adverse neonatal outcomes in IUGR and should guide timely intervention.
International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
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Research Journals