International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem among postmenopausal women and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Early identification of osteoporosis and its associated clinical factors is essential for timely intervention and fracture prevention, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics at a tertiary care center over a period of two years. A total of 71 postmenopausal women aged 45 years and above were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Detailed clinical evaluation was performed, including demographic characteristics, reproductive history, duration since menopause, parity, history of previous low-trauma fractures, and assessment of bone pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of ? -2.5 according to World Health Organization criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as mean±standard deviation and percentages.
Results: The mean age of participants was 57.90±7.11 years. Osteoporosis was detected in 33.8% of women based on DXA T-scores. The majority of participants were aged 55-64 years (46.5%) and had a mean menopausal age of 43.62±1.56 years. Nearly half of the women (45.1%) had been postmenopausal for more than 15 years. Most participants had a body weight between 50 and 69 kg, with a mean weight of 60.69±5.73 kg. A history of previous fractures was present in 36.6% of cases, and moderate bone pain was reported by 54.9% of participants. Higher prevalence of osteoporosis was observed among women with early menopause, longer duration since menopause, lower body weight, higher parity, and previous fracture history.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women, highlighting the significant burden of low bone mineral density in this population. Several clinical factors, including age, menopausal characteristics, body weight, parity, fracture history, and bone pain, were commonly observed among affected individuals. Routine screening and early identification of at-risk postmenopausal women using simple clinical assessment and DXA evaluation are essential to facilitate timely preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing fracture risk and improving skeletal health.