International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Background: Pregnancy leads to significant hormonal and metabolic changes that can affect liver function, resulting in a spectrum of hepatic disorders. These may arise from pregnancy-specific conditions, aggravation of pre-existing liver disease, or unrelated causes. Liver dysfunction in pregnancy carries substantial risks for both mother and fetus, making early identification and appropriate management essential. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile, maternal complications, and perinatal outcomes in women with hepatic disorders during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences [DU], Loni, Maharashtra, over 18 months (from April 2023 to March 2025). Pregnant women diagnosed with hepatic disorders were included after informed consent. Clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2020 and SPSS version 21, following Institutional Ethics Committee approval.

Results: Among 116 pregnant women with hepatic disorders, preeclampsia was the most common cause (37%), followed by impending eclampsia (27.6%), HELLP syndrome (12.9%), and eclampsia (12.9%). Maternal complications occurred in 81.9% of cases, predominantly anemia, DIC, HELLP syndrome, and postpartum hemorrhage. Placental abruption and retinopathy were also observed. Regarding fetal outcomes, 74.1% of newborns experienced complications, with prematurity (58.6%), intrauterine growth restriction (34.5%), and intrauterine fetal demise (18.1%) being the most frequent. There were 21 IUFDs and 14 stillbirths, while 34 neonates required NICU admission. Neonatal mortality was 12.1%, mainly due to respiratory distress syndrome (50%). Despite this, 91.4% of mothers were stable at discharge, while 6% succumbed to complications.

Conclusion: The study highlights that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading causes of hepatic dysfunction, with high rates of maternal and fetal complications requiring vigilant monitoring and timely intervention.